I have no problem entering the following array formula, but I still have
some questions.

{=INDEX({1,2;3,4},0,2)}

I understand that the { } for array formulas are included by pressing
Ctrl+Shift+Enter.  That was what I did with the OUTER braces (the ones
enclosing the entire formula); no problem.

For the INNER braces (the ones around 1,2;3,4), I thought I had to use
Ctrl+Shift+Enter.  But of course I couldn't and had to key in the { }
MANUALLY.  The system won't accept ( ) in the place of { }.  Guess we must
use { } to indicate an array but no need to use Ctrl+Shift+Enter when it is
an array and NOT an array FORMULA.

Am I right?  I **was** quite confused as to when to use Ctrl+Shift+Enter and
when to key in the { } manually.

There is quite a bit of trick to enter the above formula.  I did the
following.

Position my cursor in A1 and key in MANUALLY  =INDEX({1,2;3,4},0,2)

Press enter.  Select A1 **and A2**, press F2, press Ctrl+Shift+Enter.
(Note: A2 is a blank cell.)

The outer braces will now be displayed as part of the formula.

A1 shows: 2
A2 shows: 4

Appreciate clarification on keying in the { }.

Epinn