you can't "link" the formatting in the same way as you link the contents

what you need to do is to copy all the cells in your sheet

X   A   B  C ...
1
2

click on the grey square which I have illustrated with the X
this selects all the cells in the sheet

press control-C (copy)

go to your new sheet and select the same X square

now do edit > paste special > format / column width.

if you are doing this very frequently, the idea would be to do it once as
described above, thus creating a sheet callled TEMPLATE.

Then each time you need to have another one, you can just right click on
that sheet and do move/copy.

HTH