There is no such column, unfortunately...but you can use the Recurrence
Pattern column to see how often the item reoccurs and that should help.

I don't know how to make it show the next occurrence, but if you change your
view,  you can show the Recurrence (e.g. weekly, monthly, etc.) the
Recurrence Pattern (e.g. every Wednesday from 8:30 to 10:30 am) and/or the
Recurrence Start and Recurrence End dates, and you can sort the calendar by
any of those options.

First, you'll need one of the list-like views, like By Category.  To change,
go to the Calendar and select View, Arrange By, Current View, By Category.
(To return to the default view, it's View, Arrange By, Current View,
Day/Week/Month)

Then, up where the column headings are, click on a blank spot and select
Field Chooser from the right-click menu.  This will bring up a list of fields
you can add to the list view.  All the Recurrence ones are down in the R's.  
If any of those look good, drag it over where you want it on the bar
containing the column headings.  When you see the cursor change to two red
arrows, one of which points up and the other of which points down, release of
the mouse and drop the heading into that location.  To sort by that option,
left click on the heading you want to sort by.

If that won't work for you, you might look for a 3rd party Outlook add-on
that does what you want.  See Slipstick.com for a list of decent Outlook
calendar add-ins:  http://www.slipstick.com/addins/calendar.htm

Good luck!

tbgg
TrueBlueGeekGirl