The PST file is what contains that info. Along with your mail, etc.

If you want to transfer only your calendar, then create a new PST in Outlook
with FIle>New>Personal Folders File.  Browse to the folder where you want it
(or accept the default), give it a name (or accept the default) and click
OK.  Give it a display name (or accept the default, but I woudn't.  Name it
something like "Transferred Data" or something), and click OK.  You'll now
have another Personal Folders file in Outlook containing a Deleted Items
folder.  RIgfht-click your Calendar and choose Copy.  Specify the new PSt as
the destination.  WHen the copy completes, right-click the new PST and
choose Close.  Close Outlook.

Transfer the PST to the other computer, placing it in any folder you want,
but taking care not to overwrite any PST of the same name.  Make sure the
PST isn't read-only.  Start Outlook and click File>Open>Outlook Data File.
Browse to the PST, select it, and choose OK.  You'll now see that PST in
your Folder List.  Open it and select the Calendar folder it contains.
Switch to a list view, select all of the entries (CTRL-A), and click
Edit>Copy to Folder.  Specify your main Calendar as the destination.  When
the copy completes, you can close the PST again (right-click>Close) to
remove it from the folder list.