Yes, that's possible. This macro will create a .csv file with one row for
each dropdown, containing the name of the dropdown and all the items in its
list. You can then open the .csv file in Excel. If you want the data in
columns instead of rows, Excel's Paste Special command can do that (check
the Transpose box in the dialog).

Sub ExtractDropdownData()
   Const qt = """"
   Dim strData As String
   Dim ddff As FormField
   Dim le As ListEntry
   Dim outputFile As String

   outputFile = Replace(ActiveDocument.FullName, ".doc", "_data.csv")
   Open outputFile For Output As #1

   For Each ddff In ActiveDocument.FormFields
       If ddff.Type = wdFieldFormDropDown Then
           strData = qt & ddff.Name & qt
           For Each le In ddff.DropDown.ListEntries
               strData = strData & "," & qt & le.Name & qt
           Next
       End If
       Print #1, strData
   Next

   Close #1
End Sub